GSEB Solutions for ધોરણ ૧૦ English

GSEB std 10 science solution for Gujarati check Subject Chapters Wise::

Biodegradable materials persist in the environment as they have a ……………. nature.

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જવાબ : Inert


Gardens and crop-fields are ……………. type of ecosystems.

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જવાબ : artificial


The amount of energy transferred from a tropic level to the next tropic level is only …………….

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જવાબ : 10%


Growth, reproduction etc. of living organisms are affected by the ……………. components of ecosystem.

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જવાબ : abiotic


All consumers are directly or indirectly dependent on ……………. for their energy requirements.

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જવાબ : producers


A network of food chains is called a …………….

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જવાબ : food web


There is always a ……………. flow of energy in a food chain.

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જવાબ : unidirectional


The increase in concentration of harmful chemicals at successive tropic levels is called …………….

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જવાબ : biomagnifications


Ozone shields the surface of the Earth from ……………. radiation the sun.

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જવાબ : ultraviolet (UV)


Forests, ponds and lakes are examples of ……………. type of ecosystems.

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જવાબ : natural


Decomposers get their energy directly from autotrophs. [True/False]

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જવાબ : False


Ozone layer presents harmful infrared radiation. [True/False]

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જવાબ : False


Factors such as light, temperature, pressure and humidity are considered as biotic components. [True/False]

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જવાબ : False


Food chains generally consist of three or four organisms. [True/False]

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જવાબ : True


Disposal of waste means recycling of wastes. [True/False]

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જવાબ : False


The disposal of wastes by putting it in low-lying areas of ground and covering it with earth is called landfill. [True/False]

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જવાબ : True


We often use the word environment. What does it mean? [Foreign 2016]

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જવાબ : It is the sum total of all external conditions and influences that affect the life and development of an organism, i.e. the environment includes all the physical or abiotic and biological or biotic factors.


Select two non-biodegradable substances from the following wastes generated in a kitchen: spoilt food, paper bags, milk bags, vegetable peels, tin cans, used tea leaves. [Delhi 2012]

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જવાબ : Milk bags and tin cans.


Why should biodegradable and non- biodegradable wastes be discarded in two separate dustbins? [AI 2017(C); Delhi 2013, 15]

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જવાબ : The biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes must be discarded in two different dustbins because biodegradable Wastes gets decomposed by the microorganisms whereas non-biodegradable wastes can be recycled and reused.


How should we dispose waste?

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જવાબ : By segregating biodegradable and non-biodegradable material.


Why is plastic called non-biodegradable?

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જવાબ : Plastic cannot be broken-down into smaller particles by the action of bacteria and hence it is called non-biodegradable.


What is biodegradable plastic?

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જવાબ : Plastics that are decomposed by the action of living organisms such as bacteria are called biodegradable plastic.


Name few biodegradable substances you generate.

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જવાબ : Waste food, paper, cloth, etc.


List two natural ecosystems. [Delhi 2016]

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જવાબ : Two natural ecosystems are forest and river.


List two biotic components of a biosphere. [Delhi 2016]

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જવાબ : Two biotic components of a biosphere are plants and animals.


Name any two man-made ecosystems. [Foreign 2017]

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જવાબ : Agricultural/crop fields, aquaria, gardens. (any two)


Why are green plants called producers? [Delhi 2016]

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જવાબ : Green plants can produce their own food by photosynthesis from inorganic compounds and hence are called producers.


What will be the amount of energy available to the organism of the 2nd tropic level of a food chain, if the energy available at the first tropic level is 10,000 joules? [AI 2015]

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જવાબ : 100 Joules of energy will be available to the organism of the 2nd tropic level.


The first tropic level in a food chain is always a green plant. Why? [AI 2015]

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જવાબ : Only green plants can make their own food from sunlight. Green plants therefore, always occupy the 1st tropic level in a food chain.


Which of the following are always at the second tropic level of the food chains? [AI 2015]
Carnivores, Autotrophs, Herbivores

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જવાબ : Herbivores are always at the 2nd tropic level.


The following organisms form a food chain. Which of these will have the highest concentration of non-biodegradable chemicals? Name the phenomenon associated with it. [Foreign 2015]
Insects, Hawk, Grass, Snake, Frog.

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જવાબ : Hawk will have highest concentration of non-biodegradable chemicals. The phenomenon is called biomagnifications.


List two criteria of measuring the biodiversity of an area. [Foreign 2014]

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જવાબ : One measure of the biodiversity of an area is the number of species found there. Secondly, the range of different life forms is also important.


Name two decomposers operating in our ecosystem. [AI 2011, Delhi 2012]

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જવાબ : Explanation: Bacteria and fungi.


In a food chain, 10,000 joules of energy is available to the producer. How much energy will be available to the secondary consumer to transfer it to the tertiary consumer? [AI 2012]

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જવાબ : 10J of energy will be available to the secondary consumer to transfer to the tertiary consumer.


Consider the following food chain which occurs in a forest:
Grass → Deer → Lion
If 10000 J of solar energy is available to the grass, how much energy would be available to the deer to transfer it to the lion? [Foreign 2012]

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જવાબ : 1 J energy will be available to deer to transfer it to lion.


Which of the following belong to the first tropic level of a food chain?
Grass, Grasshopper, Plants, Rat, Tiger [Foreign 2012]

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જવાબ : Grass and plants belong to the 1st tropic level of a food chain.


What are the various steps in a food chain called? [Delhi 2011]

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જવાબ : The various steps in a food chain are called tropic levels.


Give an example to illustrate that indiscriminate use of pesticides may result in the degradation of the environment. [AI 2011]

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જવાબ : The pesticides used in crop field are washed down into the water bodies. From water bodies, these are absorbed by the aquatic plants and animals of a food chain and thereby degrades the environment.


When plants are eaten by primary consumers, a great deal of energy is lost as heat to the environment and some amount goes in carrying out various life processes. State the average percentage of energy lost in this manner. [HOTS]

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જવાબ : The average percentage of energy lost when plants are eaten by primary consumers is 90%.


Write the full name of the group of compounds mainly responsible for the depletion of ozone layer. [Foreign 2015]

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જવાબ : CFC → Chlorofluorocarbon


What is a consumer?

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જવાબ : Organisms which depend upon producers for food.


What happens to Sun’s energy that fall on green plants?

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જવાબ : Green plants absorb 1% of Sun’s energy that falls on their leaves.


How much energy one tropic level gets from another?

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જવાબ : Each tropic level makes 10% energy available to next tropic level.


What happens when a harmful chemical enters a food chain?

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જવાબ : Its concentration increases with increase in tropic level.


Why does energy available at each tropic level diminish progressively?

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જવાબ : Energy available at each tropic level diminishes progressively due to loss of energy at each level.


Define Ozone hole. [DoE]:

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જવાબ : Decline in the thickness of ozone layer in Antartica is termed as ozone hole.


Write the name and formula of a molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen. [AI 2012]

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જવાબ : Ozone and its chemical formula is O3.


Why did United Nations act to control the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerators?

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જવાબ : CFCs depletes the ozone layer around the earth, hence its production is controlled by United Nations.


Which disease is caused in human beings due to depletion of ozone layer in the atmosphere? [HOTS]

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જવાબ : Skin cancer is caused in human beings due to a depletion of ozone layer in the atmosphere.


Some time back, Kulhadas, that is disposable cups made up of clay, were suggested as an alternative. Why Kulhads are not being used in trains now? [HOTS]

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જવાબ : Manufacturing Kulhads on large scale would result in the depletion of fertile top soil making the land inadequate for the cultivation of crops.


What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem?

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જવાબ : Following is the role of a decomposer in the ecosystem:

  • They act as a cleansing agent of the environment by decomposing the dead plants and animals
  • They help in recycling the nutrients
  • They provide space for new beings in the biosphere by decomposing the dead
  • They help in putting back the various elements into water, soil and air for the reuse of producers like crop plants.


What are the tropic levels? Give an example of a food chain and state the different tropic levels in it.

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જવાબ : In the food chain, the transfer of food or energy takes place at various levels and these levels are known as tropic levels.

Example:

Grass → Goat → Man

In the food chain,

  • Grass represents the first tropic level
  • The goat represents the second tropic level
  • Man represents the third tropic level


Why are some substances biodegradable and some non-biodegradable?

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જવાબ : The reason why some substances are biodegradable and some non-biodegradable is because the microorganisms like bacteria and decomposers like saprophytes have a specific role to play. They can breakdown only natural products like paper, wood, etc. but they cannot breakdown man-made products like plastics. Based on this, some substances are biodegradable and some non-biodegradable.


Give any two ways in which biodegradable substance would affect the environment.

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જવાબ : Following are the ways in which biodegradable substances would affect the environment:

  • They keep the environment clean as they are easily decomposed.
  • They can easily go through the geochemical cycle with the help of decomposers.


Give any two ways in which non-biodegradable substances would affect the environment.

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જવાબ : Following are the ways in which non-biodegradable substances would affect the environment:

  • They cause air, soil and water pollution.
  • They may cause bio-magnification in the food chain resulting in the end of human.


How can you help in reducing the problem of waste disposal? Give any two methods.

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જવાબ : Following are the ways to reduce the problem of waste disposal:

  • 3 R’s: By following the 3 R’s one can reduce the problem of waste disposal. The 3 R’s are reduce, recycle and reuse. Reducing the usage of their own vehicles and opting for public transport can reduce air pollution. Recycling and reusing of plastics is also a way to reduce waste disposal.
  • Preparation of compost: All the biodegradable waste like kitchen waste can be dumped in the compost.


Will the impact of removing all the organisms in the tropic level be different for different tropic levels? Can the organisms of any tropic level be removed without causing any damage to the ecosystem?

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જવાબ : Yes, the impact of removing all the organisms in a tropic level will be different for different tropic levels. For example, if all the producers are removed, there is a chance of death or migration of the primary consumers which will upset the tropic levels. This is same for all the levels. Therefore, the removal of organisms at any level would upset the whole ecosystem as the food chain is disturbed. The survival of the higher level animals is completely dependent on the animals at the lower levels.


What is biological magnification? Will the levels of this magnification be different at different levels of the ecosystem?

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જવાબ : Biological magnification can be defined as the progressive increase in the concentration of non-biodegradable wastes in the food chain. As there is an increase in the magnification at the primary level of the ecosystems, all the other levels do get affected and the concentration may vary when compared to first level.


What are the problems caused by the non-biodegradable wastes that we generate?

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જવાબ : Following are the problems caused by the non-biodegradable wastes:

  • These substances cannot be decomposed by the microorganisms.
  • As the quantity increases, dumping becomes a problem.
  • Non-biodegradable wastes like heavy metals may enter the food chain in the upper tropic levels.
  • They may escape to the groundwater which causes soil infertility and disturbance in pH of the soil.


If all the waste we generate is biodegradable, will this have no impact on the environment?

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જવાબ : Biodegradable wastes are decomposed by the microorganisms into simpler substances which can be used by the producers as a raw material. But following are the effects of too much of biodegradable wastes:

  • As the decomposition of the biodegradable wastes is slow, they produce an awful smell and when inhaled by humans it can be harmful.
  • The dumping areas can be a place where harmful organisms may start to breed which can be harmful to humans as well as plants and animals.
  • Increase in the number of aquatic organisms may result in depletion of oxygen.


Why is damage to the ozone layer a cause for concern? What steps are being taken to limit this damage?

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જવાબ : The ozone layer is a protective cover for the earth. It prevents harmful UV rays from entering the earth as these rays harmful and can result in skin cancer. But the air pollutants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the main reason for the depletion of the ozone layer. Too much of UV rays are harmful to plants as they affect photosynthesis, destroy planktons and decomposers. These are the reasons why damage of ozone layer is a cause of concern.

Steps taken to limit this is that many developing and developed countries have signed and are obeying the directions of UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) to freeze or limit the production and usage of CFCs.


How can you help in reducing the problem of waste disposal? Give any two methods.

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જવાબ : (i) Recycling: The solid wastes like paper, plastics and metals, etc. are recycled.
(ii) Preparation of Compost: Biodegradable domestic wastes such as leftover food, fruit and vegetable peels and leaves of potted plants, etc. can be converted into compost by burying in a pit dug into ground.


What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one tropic level?

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જવાબ : The food chain would end and ecological balance would be affected.

  1. If the herbivores are killed, then the carnivores would not be able to get food and would die.
  2. If carnivores are killed, then the population of herbivores would increase to unsustainable level.
  3. If producers are killed, then the nutrient cycle in that area would not be completed.


Will the impact of removing all the organisms in a tropic level be different for different tropic levels? Can the organisms of any tropic level be removed without causing any damage to the ecosystem?

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જવાબ : Yes, the impact of removing all the organisms in a tropic level will be different for different tropic levels. For example, on removing producers; herbivores would not be able to survive or they would migrate and ecosystem would collapse. If herbivores are removed, producers would grow unchecked and carnivores would not get food. If carnivores are removed, herbivores would increase to unsustainable levels and could destroy the producers. If decomposers are removed, the dead animals would pile up due to which the environment would become polluted. In addition to this, if dead animals will not decompose, the recycling of nutrients in the soil will be stopped and its fertility will be reduced. As a result the green cover of the earth will be lost. Thus to maintain the balance of the ecosystem the presence of organisms is necessary at each tropic level.


What is biological magnification? Will the levels of this magnification be different at different levels of the ecosystem?

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જવાબ : Biological magnification: The increase in concentration of harmful chemical substances like pesticides in the body of living organisms at each tropic level of a food chain is called biological magnification.
Yes, levels of bio-magnification would increase as the tropic level increases and would be the highest for topmost tropic level. It would affect their biological process such as growth, reproduction, etc.


What are the problems caused by the non-biodegradable wastes that we generate?

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જવાબ : The problems caused by the non-biodegradable wastes are:

  1. If the quantity of non-biodegradable matter increases in the nature then bio-magnification of poisonous chemicals in our body increases.
  2. If the non-biodegradable waste keeps on increasing there will not be left any substance for new organisms.
  3. The increasing quantity of non-biodegradable waste will cause imbalance of ecosystem.


If all the waste we generate is biodegradable, will this have no impact on the environment? [CBSE 2011, 2013]

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જવાબ : If all the waste we generate is biodegradable, it will also have impact on the environment. If it is disposed of properly, the problem of air, water and soil pollution can be lessened to an extent. There would be less health problems and humans would be disease-free.
But if it is not disposed off properly, it will affect the environment adversely.


Why is damage to the ozone layer a cause for concern? What steps are being taken to limit this damage?

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જવાબ : The damage to the ozone layer is a cause for concern because if the ozone layer in the atmosphere disappears completely, then all the extremely harmful ultraviolet radiations coming from the sun would reach the earth. These ultraviolet radiations would cause skin cancer and other ailments in men and animals and also damage the plants.
In an attempt to protect the ozone layer, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) unanimously forged an agreement among its member countries to freeze CFC production at 1986 levels.


Give any two ways in which non-biodegradable substances would affect the environment.

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જવાબ :

  1. These inert substances simply persist in the environment. This means that these substances require land area for dumping.
  2. Excess of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals changes soil chemistry and also affect aquatic life.
  3. Most of these chemicals and heavy metal are easily absorbed by the organisms. This causes biological magnification.


What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem?

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જવાબ : Role of decomposers in the ecosystem:

  1. They help in breaking down the complex organic into simple inorganic that go into the soil and are used up by the plants.
  2. They the nutrient pool of the putting in this way, ad as cleansing agents of nature.
  3. They help in maintaining the fertility of by adding humus content to it.


What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem?

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જવાબ : Ozone (O3) is a molecule formed by three atoms of oxygen. At the higher of the atmosphere, it shields the surface of the earth from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. It may affect any ecosystem in the following ways:

  1. At the surface of the earth, it is a deadly poison for all lower forms of life.
  2. If this layer gets depleted, then it may cause cancer in human beings including other plants and animals.


What is biological magnification? Will the levels of this magnification be different at different levels of the ecosystem?

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જવાબ : The accumulation of harmful chemicals in the body of living organisms at different tropic levels in a food chain is called biological magnification. Yes, the concentration of these harmful chemicals will be different at different tropic levels. It will be maximum at the last tropic levels which are mostly of the top carnivores (quaternary consumers).


Why is damage to the ozone layer a cause for concern? What steps are being taken to limit this damage?

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જવાબ : The ozone shields the surface of the earth from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. These radiations are highly damaging as they can cause cancer in both plants and animals, damage to eyes and immune system. They can also lead to variations in global rainfall, ecological disturbances and dwindling of global food supplies. Due to these reasons, damage to the ozone layer is a major cause for concern.
Steps which are taken to limit this damage:

  1. To decrease the use of synthetic chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are used as refrigerants and in fire extinguishers?
  2. In 1987, the United Nations Environment Programmed (UNEP) succeeded in reaching an agreement to freeze CFC production at 1986


Explain the phenomenon of “biological magnification”. How does it affect organisms belonging to different tropic levels particularly the tertiary consumers?

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જવાબ : When any harmful chemical like DDT, BHC enters in a food chain the concentration of chemical increases as the tropic level is increased (i.e., next higher level). The phenomenon is called biological magnification.
These chemical, get accumulated progressively at each tropic level. It is maximum at the top (highest) tropic level. The tertiary consumers occupy the top tropic level (in most of the food chains) so there is maximum concentration of the harmful chemicals ant they are affected badly.


The flow of energy in food chain is unidirectional. Why?

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જવાબ : The flow of energy in a food chain follows 10% law. The energy used or lost in environment as heat, cannot enter at any tropic level in the food chain. Only solar energy can enters in the food chain at producer level and ultimately get lost as heat.


What is an eco-system?

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જવાબ : Eco-system is the whole biotic community in a given area plus its abiotic environment (physical factor like temperature, rainfall, wind, soil and mineral) both interacting with each other and maintains a balance in nature. Eco-system can be as large as a forest or small as a pond and lake. This function system may be natural as forest or may be artificial example a crop field or an aquarium. Thus the eco-system has biotic and abiotic components.


Why are green plants called producers? (CBSE A.I. 2009, Delhi 2016, CCE 2011)

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જવાબ : Green plants are also called producers because only they can synthesize organic food from inorganic raw materials with the help of solar energy in the process of photosynthesis. This food is not only used by green plants but also all other organisms called consumers.


Why is the Government stressing upon the use of jute/cloth carry bags? (CCE 2012)

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જવાબ :

  1. Cloth bags are stronger and more durable as compared to plastic bags.
  2. They are washable.
  3. They are reused time and again.
  4. Cloth bags do not pollute environment.
  5. They are made of biodegradable material which can also be recycled.


We often observe domestic waste decomposing in the by lanes of residential colonies. Suggest ways to make people realize that the improper disposal of waste is harmful to the environment. (CCE 2013)

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જવાબ : Domestic waste is often thrown outside the living quarters or some common place near the homes for municipal staff to pick up and dispose the same. The waste is, however, spread by stray cattle, pigs and dogs and is left to decompose. It is an improper method of waste disposal being harmful to environment as well as to all of us. It produces stink and becomes a source of several diseases. The scattered decomposing waste attracts flies, mosquitoes and rats.
Therefore, a proper waste disposal method involving biodegradable in covered green bins and no biodegradable in covered blue bins are adopted. The municipal staff can take the wastes from the bins.


Why is Government of India imposing a ban on the use of polythene bags? Suggest two alternates to these bags and explain how this ban is likely to improve the environment. (CCE 2014)

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જવાબ : Polythene is non biodegradable Use of polythene bags often chokes drains and kills animals feeding on garbage besides piling up in garbage disposal sites.
Alternates: Use of cloth bags and paper bags.
Environment: Cloth bags can be used and reused. Both cloth and paper bags are biodegradable.


“Damage to the ozone layer is a cause of concern.” Justify the statement. Suggest any two steps to limit this damage. (CBSE Delhi 2008 C)

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જવાબ : Cause of Concern: Ozone layer present in the stratosphere has thinned out by about 8% over the equator and more so over the Antarctica where a big ozone hole appears every year. This has increased the level of UV-B radiations reaching the earth by 15-20%. These radiations are causing increased number of skin cancers, cataracts and reduced immunity in human beings. There is increased incidence of blinding of animals, death of young ones, reduced photosynthesis, higher number of mutations and damage to articles.
Steps to Limit Damage,

  1. Ban on production and use of halons.
  2. Ban on production and use of chlorofluorocarbons.


Why bacteria and fungi are called as decomposers? List any two advantages of decomposers to the environment.
(CCE 2011)

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જવાબ : (a) Decomposers: Most of the bacteria and fungi are saprophytes. They obtain their nourishment from organic remains. For this they secrete digestive enzymes over the remains. The remains are converted into soluble absorbable form. This results in decomposition of organic matter. Therefore, bacteria and fungi are called decomposers.
(b) Advantages:

  1. Scavengers: Decomposers function as scavengers by removing organic remains and cleansing the earth.
  2. Mineralization: Decomposers release inorganic nutrients trapped in organic remains. The same are recycled.


There are No Content Availble For this Chapter

Column I

Column II

(i) Parasites

(a) Abiotic

(ii) Crop field

(b) bio-degradable

(iii) Synthetic foam

(c) Biotic

(iv) pH

(d) Artificial ecosystem

(v) Forests

(e) Decomposers

(iv) DDT

(f) Scavengers

(vii) Wood

(g) Natural ecosystem

(viii) Fungi

(h) Biomagnification

(ix) Vulture

(i) Non-biodegradable

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જવાબ :

Column I

Column II

(i) Parasites

(c) Biotic

(ii) Crop field

(d) Artificial ecosystem

(iii) Synthetic foam

(a) Abiotic

(iv) pH

(h) Biomagnification

(v) Forests

(g) Natural ecosystem

(iv) DDT

(i) Non-biodegradable

(vii) Wood

(b) bio-degradable

(viii) Fungi

(e) Decomposers

(ix) Vulture

(f) Scavengers

  1. These are the chemicals used to kill the pests

Lion
 

  1. A top carnivore

Ozone

 

  1. A primary consumer

Decompose
 

  1. Bacteria do this to the biodegradable waste

Patricide

  1. Protects us from UV rays

Goat

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જવાબ :

a. Patricide
b. Lion
c. Goat
d. Decompose
e. Ozone

a. Vulture is this type of animal

Energy

b. Temperature and soil are these kinds of component of ecosystem

Pesticides
 

c. Predators and parasites belong to this component of ecosystem

Abiotic

d. Term used for a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

Scavenger

e. All living things need it to function

Biotic

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જવાબ :

a. Scavenger
b. Abiotic
c. Biotic
d. Pesticides
e. Energy

Column I

Column II

1. Producers

(i) Suspended

2. Primary consumers

(ii) Group of colours

3. Secondary consumers

(iii) Scattering

4. Decomposers

(iv) Changing

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જવાબ :

1 (iii)
2 (i)
3 (iv)
4 (ii)

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Our Environment

10th science book gujarati medium

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