GSEB Solutions for ધોરણ ૧૦ English

જવાબ : A.K. Baneijee, Sal

જવાબ : Ecological

જવાબ : Forests

જવાબ : Kerala, Kattas

જવાબ : pH

જવાબ : sustainable development

જવાબ : long-term

જવાબ : slag

જવાબ : Khejri

જવાબ : Chipko Andolan

જવાબ : Reduce, Recycle, Reuse

જવાબ : Chipko movement

જવાબ : Silviculture

જવાબ : Kulhs, Eris

જવાબ : Sal

જવાબ : Universal indicator

જવાબ : Forests

જવાબ : Making bidis

જવાબ : Biodiversity

જવાબ : Khejri

જવાબ : The advantage of exploiting resources with short term aim would be self-centered satisfaction. They provide immediate advantages.

જવાબ : There should be equitable distribution of resources so that all, rich, powerful and poor people get benefit from the development of these resources. Rich, greedy and powerful people could work against an equitable distribution of our resources.

જવાબ : The main source of water in our region (Delhi) is river Yamuna, upper Ganga canal, Bhakra storage and ground water. Water after being treated is supplied to the residents through a system of water pipes.
The water is available to all the people living in the area.
(Note: Students should write about the locality (region around them.)

જવાબ : The exploitation of natural resources with short-term aims are advantageous for present generation to meet their daily requirements whereas management of natural resources with long-term perspective are aimed to fulfill the needs of future generation and to maintain their sustainability.

જવાબ : There would be no advantage of exploiting resources with short-term aims. Their exploitation may appear to be advantageous in the short-term but it is highly disadvantageous in the long- term. By doing so, we may be able to enjoy the comforts of life but we would damage our environment gradually.

જવાબ : We should conserve forests and wildlife for preserving our environment. They together maintain an ecological balance of nature. We should conserve them for our economic and social growth and to meet our material aspirations.

જવાબ : The principles of three R’s should be followed to conserve the forests. In addition to this, all stakeholders should be made a part of any conservation programmes. Also, the interests of local forest dwellers should always be kept in mind while organizing a conservation programme.

જવાબ : Two traditional systems of water harvesting are:

1. Collection of water in ponds and
2. Construction of small earthen dams.

જવાબ : Two reasons each of conserving:
(a) Forest

1. It helps in retaining the sub-soil water.
2. It checks flood.

1. To maintain ecological equilibrium.
2. To protect the nature.

જવાબ : Water and forest

જવાબ :

1. Pine wood for matchbox industry.
2. Bamboo for paper industry.

જવાબ : Two changes that can be made to reduce the consumption of electricity or water are:

1. Switch off lights and fans when not in use.
2. Leaked taps should be repaired immediately.

જવાબ : Water harvesting means capturing rainwater where it falls or capturing the run off in a local area for future use. Two water harvesting structures are Khadins in Rajasthan and Kulhs in Himachal Pradesh.

જવાબ : ‘Chipko Movement’ is a non-political public movement for conservation of natural habitat and wildlife by preventing excessive commercial exploitation of forests. Chipko means ‘hugs’ and the movement was started by the villagers of Garhwal by hugging trees to stop the contractors from cutting the trees. We should conserve forests because it helps in protection of land, retaining sub-soil water, checking floods, and thereby maintain in the ecosystem.

જવાબ :

1. Follow the principle of three R’s-reduce, recycle and reuse.
2. Plant more trees.
3. Use public transport, school bus and car pools.
4. Switch off unnecessary lights and fans, thereby save electricity.

જવાબ : Exploiting resources with short-term aim is just to reap huge profit, whereas using resources with a long-term perspective is to reap the benefit in a sustainable manner so that these will last for generations to come.

જવાબ : Wildlife means all those naturally occurring animals, plants and their species which are not cultivated, domesticated and tamed. Wildlife is important for us because.

1. They provide great aesthetic value for human beings.
2. They help in maintaining ecological balance.

જવાબ :

1. Higher calorific value
2. Lesser pollution
3. Sustainable for longer period
4. Easily transportable

જવાબ : Sources which are. not available again and again and are getting exhausted and are called non-renewable sources of energy, e.g. coal, petroleum.

જવાબ : Disadvantages:

• Fossil fuels cause pollution.
• They also cause acid rain.
• They disturb ecology.
• They cannot be reused, i.e. they are non-renewable.

જવાબ : Four advantages of storing water in the ground are:

•  It does not evaporate.
• It is relatively protected from contamination by human and animal wastes.
• It does not provide breeding ground for mosquitoes.
• It provides moisture for vegetation.

જવાબ : Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are formed from biomass. In addition to carbon, they contain hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur. When fossil fuels are burnt, the products are carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Increase in the percentage of carbon dioxide increases the temperature on earth which leads to global warming.

જવાબ : Three problems of construction of large dams are:

• Displacement of large number of people.
• Huge cost of construction and low benefit compared to cost.
  These problem can be sorted out by constructing smaller dams instead of a big dam.

જવાબ : When fossil fuels are burnt, carbon dioxide, water, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur are formed. If the combustion takes place in insufficient air, then carbon monoxide is formed instead of carbon dioxide. Of these products, the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen and carbon monoxide are poisonous gases and carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

જવાબ : ‘Sustainable management’ is the management of resources in which development can be maintained for a long time without undue damage to the environment.
Recycling needs additional energy to make a usable item. Reuse does not require additional energy and hence, is better than recycle.

જવાબ : There should be a judicious use of natural resources as they are limited in nature. We should not exploit resources for our short term gains as this would only lead to depletion of natural resources for the present generation as well as generations to come. Hence, we can say that there are hardly any advantages of exploiting natural resources for short term gains.

જવાબ : In the case of a long-time perspective in managing our resources, these resources will last for the generations to come. This management ensures uniform distribution among the people. It conserves the natural resources for many years and not just for a few years, as in the case of a short-term perspective in conserving natural resources.

જવાબ : We should conserve forests and wildlife to preserve the biodiversity (range of different life-forms) so as to avoid the loss of ecological stability. A large number of tribes are the habitants in and around the forests. If the forests are not conserved, then it may affect these habitants. Without proper management of forest and wildlife, the quality of soil, the water sources, and even the amount of rainfall may be affected. Without forest and wildlife, life would become impossible for human beings.

જવાબ : One of the traditional systems of water harvesting used in our region is tanks.

જવાબ : The source of water in our region is ground water. Water from the source is available to all the people living in that area.

જવાબ : Equitable distribution of resources means ensuring benefits from the development of resources to all human beings.
There should be equitable distribution of resources because every living being has an equal right on the natural resources of the earth. If anybody is using them excessively, it means somewhere else somebody is being deprived of it Factors which work against equitable distribution of resources are:

• Advancement and development of society.
• Energization and materialization.

જવાબ : In order to become more environment-friendly, the following practices can be incorporated in our day-to-day lives:

• Turning off any electrical appliance (such as TV’s, water heaters, lights, fans, and air conditioners) when they are not in use.
• Avoiding the wastage of water by fixing any leaking taps or pipes as soon as possible. Also, the amount of water consumed must be controlled. For example, the tap should not be left running while brushing teeth.
• Disposing of plastic and glass wastes in recycling bins (many plastics take a long time to decompose and can have adverse effects on the environment).
• Using recyclable and eco-friendly products instead of the convenient plastic products. For example, using paper or cloth bags instead of polythene bags is an environment-friendly habit.

જવાબ : Overconsumption of resources with short-term interests in mind will give a boost to the economy. However, the increased growth of the economy will be short-lived since the exploitation of resources is not sustainable. Exploiting resources for the sake of short-term goals will be beneficial to the present generations but not for future generations.

જવાબ : The long-term model of resource consumption enables the conservation of the resources for them to be used by future generations. This will enable the economy to grow over a longer timeframe. It also provides more time for technology to advance and discover new, sustainable energy sources (such as nuclear fusion and fuel cells). All in all, the long-term perspective in managing of resources has significantly greater advantages when compared to the short-term perspective.

જવાબ : Equitable distribution of resources enables every human to receive their share of the resources and makes sure that everyone has the basic requirements for life (such as food, water, shelter, etc.). The forces that work against equitable distribution include:

• The regional distribution of resources (such as soil and minerals).
• Corruption and greed of some humans
• Uneven distribution of resources between the rich and the poor.

જવાબ : The conservation of forests is very important for the stability of the environment. Forests serve as a home to a huge variety of life-forms. Destruction of these forests can disturb the food chain and lead to the extinction of many important species. Also, forests protect the soil from erosion and play a vital role in the water cycle. The loss of forests can severely affect the day-to-day lives of humans.

જવાબ : Some steps that can be taken to conserve forests include:

• Planting of trees to combat deforestation.
• Placement of security forces in forests to prevent the poaching and smuggling of forest resources.
• Incorporating steps to protect the forest dwellers without disturbing their lifestyles.
• Avoiding the conversion of forest land into roads, buildings, and dams.

જવાબ : In populated metropolitan cities, the primary sources of water include groundwater and lakes. Groundwater is harvested with the help of borewells whereas pipes harvest water directly from the lakes. The harvested water is then stored in water tankers placed at strategic locations throughout the city.

જવાબ : In hilly regions, rainwater is often collected and channeled with the help of a stream. The stream is diverted to different areas with the help of canals for the purpose of irrigation. In mountainous regions, water is commonly obtained from the rivers that flow from the glaciers.

જવાબ : In metropolitan cities, the primary source of water is groundwater. This water is made available to all people in the city. However, poor infrastructure in some localities makes it difficult for some people to obtain the water.

જવાબ : Some important changes that can help make homes more environment-friendly include:

• Segregation of the garbage into biodegradable waste (food waste) and non-biodegradable waste (plastics).
• Use of eco-friendly products such as cloth shopping bags and paper cups instead of plastics.
• Avoiding the wastage of electricity by switching off the electrical appliances that are not in use.
• Avoiding the wastage of water by quickly fix leaking taps and incorporating practices that reduce water wastage (such as closing the taps while brushing and using water judiciously while bathing).

જવાબ : Some important changes that can help make schools more environment-friendly include:

• Providing a platform for students and teachers to report any leaking taps so that they can be quickly repaired by the school plumber.
• Students and teachers must make sure all the lights and fans are switched off when the classes end for the day.
• Setting up waste segregation bins for biodegradable waste and non-biodegradable waste throughout the school.
• Promoting the use of transport methods such as bicycles and school buses.

જવાબ : The government’s forest department should have the authority because they are a branch of the government which is elected by the people. However, these forest authorities must not be corrupt and must not accept bribes from poachers/smugglers. The forest authorities can use the resources of the government to effectively protect and preserve the forest areas.

જવાબ : (a). An individual can contribute to the management of forest and wildlife resources by:

• Organizing and participating in rallies that protest against deforestation and wildlife poaching.
• Volunteering for many non-government organizations (NGOs) that work towards the protection of forests and wildlife.
• Organizing and participating in group activities that involve the planting of new trees in forest areas.

• Avoiding the wastage of water in their daily lives by using water judiciously.
• Spreading awareness about the importance of water management by participating in rallies/ activities.
• Promoting practices such as rainwater harvesting and discouraging the discharge of wastewater and sewage into lakes and rivers.

• Using fuel-efficient transportation methods such as carpooling, use of public transport, and use of bicycles.
• Using energy-efficient light sources such as CFLs and LEDs instead of ordinary bulbs.
• Using solar water heaters instead of electric heaters for heating water.

જવાબ : Some practices that can be followed by individuals in order to reduce their consumption of natural resources include:

• Use of fuel-efficient transport options such as carpooling, bicycles, and public transport.
• Judicious use of water and avoidance of its wastage.
• Use of recycled products such as recycled paper and bottles to reduce the demand for natural resources.
• Promoting the use of renewable resources by using solar water heaters instead of electric heaters.

જવાબ : Practices for the conservation of natural resources include:

• Use of bicycles and public transport while travelling to reduce fuel consumption.
• Use of recycled paper and other recycled products.
• Segregation of garbage into biodegradable and non-biodegradable bins.
• Avoiding the wastage of water by using it judiciously and fixing any leaking taps/pipes.

• Wastage of electrical energy by leaving electrical appliances on after use.
• Wastage of water by ignoring any leaking pipes/taps and leaving the tap on while brushing.
• Excessive use of plastic products such as polythene bags.

જવાબ : The following changes can be incorporated into the lifestyles of individuals in order to move towards a sustainable usage of natural resources:

• Segregate the waste generated in homes into biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
• Avoid the wastage of electricity by switching off lights, fans, and other electrical appliances when not in use.
• Use water judiciously and avoid its wastage by quickly repairing any leaking taps/pipes.
• Avoid the wastage of water by regulating the quantity of water consumed for bathing, washing clothes, brushing, etc.
• Practicing environment-friendly methods such as rainwater harvesting and planting of trees.
• Usage of recycled products such as recycled paper and bottles.
• Usage of eco-friendly products such as cloth shopping bags and paper cups instead of non-biodegradable polythene bags and disposable plastic cups.

જવાબ : (i) Segregate waste into recyclable and non-recyclable parts.
(ii) Switch off the lights, fans, television and other electrical appliances when not used.
(iii) Use energy efficient electrical appliances.
(iv) Walk for nearby shops instead of using vehicles.
(v) Reuse paper, plastic and glass bottles.
(vi) Reuse water from washing machines for cleaning purposes.

જવાબ : We should conserve forest and wildlife because of the following reasons.

• They help in maintaining the ecological balance at a place.
• They provide us with useful things like rubber, wood, dyes, gum, resin, oil, fibres, medicines, catachu, wax, honey, fruits, seeds, leaves of bidi etc.
• They purify the air, control flood and prevent soil erosion and maintain its fertility.
• Forests conserve biodiversity and hereditary resources. Ecological stability gets imbalanced due to damage in diversity.

જવાબ : Some methods for forest conservation are as follow :

• Only except some trees, there should be ban on cutting of forest. Forests stop soil erosion.
• Forests should be saved from fires. Many forests get destroyed due to fires.
• Forests should be saved from pests and insects. Pesticides, insecticides should be sprayed in forests.
• Overgrazing should be prohibited.
• National rules and laws should be strictly enforced.

જવાબ : Many of us live in cities, where water is supplied by the municipal authorities. In the houses, systems of rainwater harvesting are installed which collect the water running off and channel it into a special pit created for the purpose. This helps to recharge ground water.
Efforts are being made to collect run off rain water in soak pits. This water enriches underground water and can cause rise in water table. Run off water from roof tops can also be collected in trenches, specially made to enrich underground water table.

જવાબ : Drinking water system in hilly areas :

• Kuhls were a traditional irrigation system in hilly areas such as Himachal Pradesh. In this system, the water flowing through falls, comes to villages located at lower regions through small human made drains.
• • In Meghalaya, the water is brought down to the lower areas of hills through bamboo drains.

• Jhalaras were made in Rajasthan and Gujarat, essentially meant for community use and for religious rites.
• In some places bawaries etc. were made to supply water.

• Bandharas are check dams or diversion which was build across rivers. Such a traditional system was found in Maharashtra.
• In some regions, small pits were dug to collect water.

જવાબ : We would suggest following changes in our home to make it environment friendly.

• Separate wastes into recyclable and non-recyclable.
• Use electricity judiciously.
• Follow three R’s (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse).
• Eat as much as you require but do not waste food.
• Use water judiciously.
• Reuse newspapers and use less plastic.
• Have more windows in the house for natural light.
• T.V., fans, lights etc should be turned off while going outside the room. Less use of heaters. Try wearing sweaters instead.
• Public transport should be used instead of private vehicles.

જવાબ : Following changes can be made in schools to make it environment friendly.

• Plant enough trees in the school.
• Leaking taps should be repaired so that water is not wasted.
• Bring food in reusable boxes, not in plastic bags or in aluminum foil.
• Teachers can educate students about environmental conservation.
• There should be more windows in school for natural light.

જવાબ : The people living in and around the forests and the forest department of The Government could be given the authority to manage the forests because the forest department of the Government has sufficient power and resources that can manage the forest resources well. The people living in and around forests know about the forest products and use them only according to their needs. In addition to this, they would not damage the forests and use forests sustainably.

જવાબ : (a) As an individual we can contribute the following to conserve forest and wildlife.

• Trees should not be cut. If trees needed to be cut, then new trees should be planted in their place.
• Trees should be saved from fire.
• Forest animals should be protected and their illegal hunting should be prohibited. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

• Tap should be closed when water is not in use while brushing, shaving, washing hands.
• Protect water sources from getting polluted.
• If there is any leak in water distribution system, then repair it or inform concerned agency.

• Public transport should be used instead of private vehicle. It saves petrol.
• Do not use electricity in vain.
• Switch off the vehicle at the red light if you have to wait for too long.
• Wear extra sweater instead of using heaters.
• Use LPG or CNG.

જવાબ : We can do the following as an individual to reduce our consumption of the various natural resources.

• Follow the principle of three R’s i.e., Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.
• Plastic bags should be reused for the storage of food and small things.
• Food should be taken as per requirement.
• Reusable bottles should be used to store water every day.
• The devices based on renewable sources of energy like solar cell, solar heater, etc. should be used.

જવાબ : (a) To conserve our natural resources :

• Saved electricity by switching off the lights, fans, television and other electrical appliances when not needed.
• Used energy efficient electrical appliances. This is done by using compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and fluorescent tube lights instead of traditional filament type electric bulbs.
• Used public transport for school instead of parent’s car.
• Took bath with less water than before and did not waste water.
• Took part in community awareness meetings regarding environmental conservation.

• Used more paper than required for printing on my computer.
• Kept the fan on even when I was not in the room.
• Wasted food.
• Burnt crackers.
• Wasted petrol by unnecessarily starting the motorbike.

જવાબ : We would bring following changes in our lifestyle so that sustainable use of our natural resources can be encouraged.

• We should limit our personal and collective needs beyond laws, rules and regulation so that the benefit of development can be made available to all and future generations.
• Close the tap when not in use.
• Turn off the lights, fans etc. in home, school or office when not in use.
• Make least use of polythene bags and these should not be thrown in garbage.

જવાબ : We should use the formula of three R’s in our home in order to be environment friendly.

• Reduce, i.e. to use less, and save the water and the electricity by stopping their wastage.
• Recycle, i.e. to segregate the waste so that materials which can be recycled should be dumped in a place for recycling.
• Reuse, i.e. to reuse certain materials like bottles Of jams and pickles for storing other kitchen items, etc.

જવાબ :

જવાબ :

a. Tals
b. Ahar
c. Fossil
d. Erssal
e. Timber

જવાબ :

a. Dams
b. Pynes
c. Tehri
d. Sal
e. Forest