CBSE Solutions for Class 10 English

જવાબ : James Watt

જવાબ : Weaving

જવાબ : Bombay

જવાબ : 1854

જવાબ : James Hargreave

જવાબ : Gomastha

જવાબ : Surat

જવાબ : Britain

જવાબ : Employed by industrialists to get new recruits

જવાબ : They did not have good quality of cotton.

જવાબ : E. T. Paull

જવાબ : Produce from the Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market.

જવાબ : Traditional craftsperson and labourer.

જવાબ : Supervising weavers.

જવાબ : A machine which speeded up the spinning process and reduced the labour demands.

જવાબ : Iron and steel industry

જવાબ : Jobber.

જવાબ : Bengal and Bombay.

જવાબ : Bombay in 1854.

જવાબ : To eliminate any competition from outside.

જવાબ : 1733

જવાબ : 1855

જવાબ : 1750

જવાબ : 1764

જવાબ : 1854

જવાબ : 1730

જવાબ : 26 jan 1901

જવાબ : 1840

જવાબ : 1860

જવાબ : He was a popular music publisher

જવાબ : Industrialist

જવાબ : Asia

જવાબ : Calendars

જવાબ : Hoogly

જવાબ : India

જવાબ : London

જવાબ : Surat

જવાબ : Iron and steel industry

જવાબ : Dwarka Nath Tagore

જવાબ : Seth Hukumchand

જવાબ : Seth Hukumchand

જવાબ : Kanpur

જવાબ : 1876

જવાબ : Culcutta

જવાબ : 1907

જવાબ : 1850

જવાબ : Producers

જવાબ : False

જવાબ : True

જવાબ : False

જવાબ : True

જવાબ : (i) Advertisements play a very vital role in the marketing of any product. 

જવાબ : The Indian cotton weavers faced many problems in the 19th century:

1. Their export collapsed.
2. The local market shrank being flooded by the Manchester imports. Produced by machines at lower costs, the Manchester cotton goods were so cheap that they attracted the buyers and the Indian textiles could not compete with them.
3. By 1860, Indian weavers faced a new problem. They could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality. This happened because a Civil War had broken out in America and the cotton supplies from the US to Britain were cut off and Britain turned to India. As raw cotton export from India
   increased, the price of raw cotton shot up. Indian weavers were forced to buy raw cotton at a very high price, so weaving did not remain profitable.
4. Factories in India also produced goods at a mass scale which flooded the Indian markets. Thus the Indian weavers faced a tough time and it became difficult to survive.

જવાબ : ​​​​​​Merchants moved to the countryside in Europe because:

1. Production, competition and prices was regulated by the producers
2. Different guilds were granted with the monopoly right to produce and trade in specific products by the rulers
3. Expansion of production in towns was not allowed by the powerful urban craft and trade guilds

જવાબ : Merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages in the seventeenth century because production in urban areas was not increasing due to the presence of powerful trade guilds. While in the countryside, there was no monopolization or regulated prices, and impoverished peasants were welcoming towards these merchants.

જવાબ : Guilds were the associations of artisans or merchants who controlled the practise of their craft and trade in a particular city. They were very powerful as they were granted monopoly rights by the rulers to produce and trade in specific product. They themselves trained the people in their trade or craft. They regulated competition and restricted the entry of new people in the trade. This made it difficult for the new merchants to set up their business in towns of England.

જવાબ :

• Women workers in Britain were surviving on the hand spinning job.
• Spinning Jenny speeded up the spinning process and reduced labour demand. By turning one single wheel a worker could set in motion a number of spindles and spin several threads at the same time.
• They developed a valid fear that the new machine may take up their jobs and make them unemployed.
• Already the cottage and poor peasants were facing economic constraints due to various reasons.
• All these things made women workers turn violent and they started attacking Spinning Jenny.

જવાબ :

• The demand for goods increased with the expansion of world trade merchant needed more production.
• The trade and commerce guilds controlled the market, raw materials, employees, and also production of goods in the towns.  So the merchants could not expand production within towns.
• This created problems for merchants who wanted to increase production by employing more men.
• Therefore, they turned to peasants and artisans who lived in villages.

જવાબ :

• By the end of the eighteenth century European companies in a trade with India gradually gained power
• They secured many concessions from local courts as well as the monopoly rights to trade.
• Exports from the ports like Surat felled dramatically, the credit that had financed the earlier trade began drying up and local bankers here went slowly bankrupt.
• Gross value of trade from Surat declined from Rs.16 million at the end of the seventeenth century to Rs.3 million by 1740.
• The old trading houses collapsed, those that wanted to survive had to now operate within a network shaped by European trading companies.

જવાબ : The English East India Company appointed Gomasthas for:

• The East India company wanted to ensure regular supply of fine silk and cotton textiles.
• To eliminate the existence of traders and brokers and establish direct control over the weavers through Gomasthas who supervised weavers, collected supplies and examined the quality of cloth.
• To eliminate weavers from dealing with other buyers by means of advances and control. In this manner, weavers who took loans and fees in advance were obligated to the British and could not take their cloth to any other trader.
• Thus company controlled costs and eliminated bargaining power of the weavers.
• There were often reports of clashes between weavers and gomsthas.They acted arrogantly, marched into villages with sepoys and peons, and punished weavers for delays in the supply-often beating and flogging them.

જવાબ : ​​​​​​​Proto-industrialization is the phase of industrialization that was not based on the factory system. Before the coming of factories, there was large-scale industrial production for an international market. This part of industrial history is known as proto-industrialization. This period was marked by merchants from towns getting products made in villages. The merchants supplied money to the peasants in the countryside. The land was becoming scarce in villages. Small plots of land were not enough to meet the need for a growing population. Peasants were looking for some additional sources of income.

જવાબ : The paid servants appointed by the East India Company to supervise weavers are called gomasthas.

The East India Company appointed them to establish a more direct control over the weavers and to eliminate traders and brokers connected with cloth trade.

જવાબ : Having earned enough from trade, some businessmen had visions of developing industrial enterprises in India.
In Bengal, Dwarkanath Tagore made his fortune in the China trade. He turned to industrial investment, setting up six joint stock companies in 1830s and 1840s.

In Bombay, Parsis like Dinshaw Petit and Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata who built huge industrial empires in India accumulated their initial wealth from exports to China and raw cotton shipments to England. Seth Hukumchand, a Marwari businessman, who set up the first Indian jute mill in Calcutta in 1971, also traded with China.

જવાબ :

• Some merchants from Madras traded with Burma, Middle East and East Africa and accumulated capital.
• Certain other commercial groups operated within India by carrying goods from one place to another, banking money, transferring funds between cities and financing traders.

જવાબ :

• At the same time industrialists persuaded the East India Company to sell British manufactures in Indian market as well. Exports of British cotton goods increased dramatically in the early 19th century.
• The export market for the Indian cotton weavers collapsed and the local market shrank, being glutted with Manchester imports.
• The imported cotton goods were cheap and our weavers could not compete with them.
• When the American Civil War broke out the cotton supplies to Britain from the US were cut off. As raw cotton export from India increased, the price of raw cotton shot up. Weavers in India were starved of supplies and forced to buy raw cotton at exorbitant prices.

જવાબ :

1. When buyers saw ‘Made in Manchester’, written in bold on the label, they felt confident to buy the cloth.
2. But labels did not carry words and texts. They carried images and were beautifully illustrated with images of Indian gods and goddesses. The printed image of Krishna or Saraswati was also intended to make the manufacture from a foreign land, appear familiar to Indians.
3. Manufacturers also printed calendars to popularise their products. These calendars were used even by the illiterate. They were hung in tea shops and in the homes of the poor and even in offices and middle class apartments.
4. When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud. If you care for the nation, then buy only ‘Indian’ products. Advertisements became a vehicle of the nationalist message of Swadeshi.

જવાબ :

1-C, 2-A, 3-B

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A

જવાબ :

1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A

જવાબ :

1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B

જવાબ :

1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B

જવાબ :

1-A, 2-C, 3-B

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C

જવાબ :

1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D