CBSE Solutions for Class 10 English

જવાબ : Trade is the movement of goods and services between regions for economic gain. Trade between two or more countries is termed as international trade, while trade occurring in a region within the same country is known as local trade.

જવાબ : International trade.

જવાબ : The major objective of developing Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega-cities of India.

જવાબ : Haldia seaport was set-up as a subsidiary port to relieve growing pressure on Kolkata port.

જવાબ : Cards and envelopes are considered first-class mail.

જવાબ : Visakhapatnam is the deepest landlocked and well protected port.

જવાબ : To decongest the Mumbai port and serve as a hub port for the region.

જવાબ : Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of India to transport liquids as well as solids in slurry form.

જવાબ : Means of transport and communication.

જવાબ : • Border road organization was established in 1960.  • This organization develops the roads of strategic importance in the North and the East border areas.  • These roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.  • These roads have enabled the economy to develop in the border areas.

જવાબ : Importance of Transport:  • Connects the people.  • Sense of belonging in the people living at far places.  • Helpful for business activities.  • Helpful in the period of crisis.  Means of transport:  • Roadways  • Railways  • Pipelines  • Waterways  • Airways.

જવાબ : The four advantages of pipeline transportation are:  • Both solid (when converted into slurry) liquid and gases can be transported through pipelines  • Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimum.  • Trans-shipment of losses and delays are minimum.  • It is economical to transport petroleum, natural gas, fertilizers to interior places.

જવાબ : Advantages of railways in India are:  • The road transport is cheaper than railway transport. • It is suitable because it carries goods to other destination without re-handling any through the quickest route. It can provide door to door service.  • Road transport is more flexible than railways as it has no fixed route or time.

જવાબ : • The Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways is a major road development project linking Delhi – Kolkata – Chennai – Mumbai and Delhi by six-lane superhighways.  • The two major objectives of these Super Highways projects are to reduce the time and distance between the megacities of India.  • The North-South Corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu) and East-West Corridor connecting Silchar (Assam) and Porbandar (Gujarat).

જવાબ : • Rural roads link ruler areas and villages with towns.  • These roads received special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojna.  • Special provisions are made so that every village in the country is linked to a major town in the country by an all season motorable road.

જવાબ : Pipeline

જવાબ : Silcher and Porbandar

જવાબ : All India Radio

જવાબ : 1853, Mumbai to Thane

જવાબ : NH7, Varanasi to Kanniyakumari

જવાબ : Boarder Roads

જવાબ : Kolkata

જવાબ : Vishakhapatnam

જવાબ : 10km

જવાબ : New Mangalore

જવાબ : North-eastern states

જવાબ : Chennai

જવાબ : 7516.6 km

જવાબ : Hindi

જવાબ : Kandla Port

જવાબ : Forth

જવાબ : Indian Airlines and Alliance Air

જવાબ : Chennai port

જવાબ : Water ways

જવાબ : Pipeline

જવાબ : National Highway-1

જવાબ : Silcher( Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat).

જવાબ : Zila Parishad

જવાબ : Golden quadrilateral super highways

જવાબ : NHAI

જવાબ : PMGSY

જવાબ : BRO

જવાબ : Railways

જવાબ : Waterways

જવાબ : Roadways

જવાબ : India

જવાબ : Mumbai

જવાબ : Mumbai

જવાબ : 1.676 m

જવાબ : Railways

જવાબ : Konkan Railway Line is developed along the western coast of India through the states of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka. This railway line has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in this most important economic region of India.
Problems faced during its construction:

• Sinking of track in some stretches.
• Landslides were another hinderance.

જવાબ :

1. The Indian railways have a network of 7,031 stations spread over the country.
2. The route length is 63,221 kms.
3. It has a fleet of 7,817 locomotives.
4. There are 5,321 passenger service vehicles.
5. The number of coach vehicles is 4904.
6. We have 2,28,170 wagons which run on the total rail track of 1,08,486 kms.

જવાબ :

1. Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India, as they link different parts of the country.
2. They carry huge loads and bulky goods to long distances.
3. Railways make it possible to conduct multiple activities like business, tourism, pilgrimage along with goods transportation over longer distances.
4. Railways have been a great integrating force for the nation, for more than 150 years now.
5. They have been helpful in binding the economic life of the country and also promoted cultural fusion.
6. They have accelerated the development of the industry and agriculture.

જવાબ :

1. Distribution of roads is not uniform in India due to different types of geographical features.
2. Moreover, the volume of traffic as well as passengers also affects road networking in India. Roads are highly congested in cities. Most of the bridges and culverts have become narrow, old and broken.
3. Some roads are metalled, that is well built with brick and cement and about half of the roads are unmetalled specially in rural areas which makes them unaccessible during rainy seasons.
4. The regions with rugged terrain have steep roads with lots of hairpin bends.

જવાબ : Problems faced by road transportation:

1. The road network is inadequate in proportion to the volume of traffic and passengers.
2. About half of the roads are unmetalled which makes them useless during rainy season.
3. The National Highways are inadequate and lack roadside amenities.
4. The roadways are highly congested in cities.
5. Most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.

જવાબ : Road density is defined as the length of road per 100 sq km, of area.
Average road density of India is 75 kms / 100 sq kms of area (1996-97).
Highest road density is in Kerala — It is 375 km / 100 sq kms.
Least road density is in Jammu & Kashmir—It is 10 km / 100 sq kms.
In Jammu & Kashmir, road density is less because of mountainous terrain, whereas Kerala has levelled nature of land coupled with agricultural development which supports a lot of population, therefore road density is higher.

જવાબ : Four reasons for dense network of railways in northern plains are:

1. The vast level land provided the most favourable conditions for their growth. It is cheaper and easier to construct railway tracks here.
2. The agricultural and industrial development in this region necessitated the development of railway lines.
3. High population density in this region further required the development of railway lines.
4. Resources such as iron and steel, fuels, etc., required for the development of railways are available in abundance in the northern plains.

જવાબ :

1. Border roads run along the land frontiers of our country in the northern and north-eastern border areas.
2. The Border Road Organisation (BRO) — a department of the Central Government was established in 1960 for the development of border roads.
3. Their construction and maintenance is the responsibility of the Central Government.

1. These roads are of strategic importance.
2. They have increased the accessibility in areas of difficult terrain and have helped in the economic development of these areas.
3. They are the supply lines for our jawans (soldiers) who guard our land frontiers.

જવાબ : District Roads:

• District Roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district.
• These roads are maintained by the Zila Parishad.

• Rural roads which link rural areas and villages with towns come under this category.
• These roads received special impetus under the ‘Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojna’. Under this scheme, special provisions are made so that every village is linked to a major town in the country by an all season motorable road.

જવાબ : Super Highways:

1. These are 6-lane roads built by National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) under the Road Development Project launched by the government.
2. The major objective of these roads is to reduce time and distance between the mega cities of India, especially the Golden Quadrilateral, which links Mumbai-Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai.
3. Other important roads developed by NHAI are:
   • North-South Corridor linking Srinagar in the North and Kanyakumari in the South and
   • East-West Corridor linking Porbander in Gujarat to Silcher in Assam.

1. These are the primary’ road systems which run in the North-South and East-West directions connecting all the states and link extreme parts of the country.
2. These roads are laid and maintained by the Central Government, i.e., Central Public Works Department (CPWD) as they are of national importance.
3. The historical Shershah Suri Marg, now called National Highway No. 1, links Delhi and Amritsar and the longest highway in the country is National Highway No. 7 which links Varanasi and Kanyakumari.

1. Roads linking state capitals with different district headquarters are known as State Highways.
2. These roads are constructed and maintained by State Public Works Department (PWD) in states and union territories.
3. The expenditure or cost and maintenance of these roads is the responsibility of the respective state governments.

જવાબ : Factors that affect the distribution pattern of railway network in India:
(i) Physiographic factors. The Northern plains with vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provide most favourable conditions for railway network. The nature of terrain and the number of rivers running through the region determine the density of railway network in that region. Mountains, marshy, sandy and forested areas have sparse network whereas plain areas have dense network of the railways. It was difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy plains of Western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat and forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh.

જવાબ : Factors that affect the distribution pattern of railway network in India:

1. Physical factors: The nature of terrain and the number of rivers running through the region will determine the density of railway network in that region.
   For example, mountains, marshy, sandy and forested areas have sparse network whereas plain areas have dense network of the railways.
2. Economic factors: Regions which have rich resources and are economically more developed have denser network of railways in comparison to the regions with low economic development.
3. Administrative factors: The administrative and political decisions also affect the distribution of railway network in a region.

જવાબ : Roadways score over railways:

1. Construction of roads is easier and cheaper as compared to railways.
2. Roads provide door to door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower as compared to railways which generally leave the people and goods at the destined railway stations.
3. Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slope and, as such, can traverse through mountainous terrain. But railways cannot negotiate steep gradients.
4. Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances.
5. Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport. They provide links between railway stations, airports and sea ports.
6. They link agricultural farms with markets and industries, thus linking rural and urban areas.

જવાબ : Three means of land transport:

1. Roadways. They can be laid in any type of terrain and provide door to door service.
2. Railways. They can carry huge loads to long distances, therefore they are of great significance in the national economy.
3. Pipelines. These can be used for transporting liquid, gaseous and solid material to great distances at low cost.

જવાબ : Transport and communication have a major role to play in making our lives prosperous and comfortable:

1. Means of transport provide seamless movement of goods and people and thus facilitate various economic activities.
2. Means of communication help in flow of information which is necessary for proper management of supply chain and financial transactions. Today, we are living in the age of communication, using telephone, television, films and Internet. Even books, magazines and newspapers are important means of communication.
3. Various means of transport and communication have reduced distances, bringing the world closer. Modern life is so complex that one has to depend on others. The same is true of the countries as well. No country today can prosper without the co-operation and assistance of others. This requires movement of goods and materials between countries. Trade provides us with our necessities and also adds to the amenities and comfort of our life.
4. Transport like railways help us in conducting various activities like business, sight seeing, pilgrimage and transportation of goods over longer distances.
5. Water provide the cheapest means of transport and is useful for international trade. Air transport provides the fastest, most comfortable mode of transport. Pipelines are used for transporting crude oil and natural gas to refineries and factories.
   Thus, means of transport and communication put life into a nation and its economy. Hence, they are called the lifelines of a nation and its economy.

જવાબ :

1. Transport and communication establish links between producing centres and consuming centres. Trade or the exchange of such commodities relies on transportation and communication. Transport provides the network of links and carriers through which trade takes place.
2. Dense network of roads, railways and airways connect the remote areas of the country hence help in production and distribution of goods and services.
3. Advancement in communication system has accelerated trade by carrying information all over the world quickly.
4. Good transport helps in quick carrying of raw material from remote areas to the production centre and allows distribution of goods efficiently.
5. With expansion of rail, ocean and air transport, better means of refrigeration and preservation, trade has experienced spatial expansion.

જવાબ : Transport plays an important role in the economy. Because of transport raw materials reach the factory and finished products reach to the consumer. The pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Today the world has converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport:

1. Good transport helps in quick carrying of raw materials from remote areas to the production centre and allows distribution of goods efficiently.
2. Transport helps in the development of communication. Various means of communication help us in interacting with other people in all the parts of the world. It has brought the world closer.
3. Transport like railways helps us in conducting various activities like business, sight seeing, pilgrimages, etc.
4. Pipelines are used for transporting crude oil and natural gas to refineries and factories.
5. Water provides the cheapest means of transport and is useful for international trade.
6. Air transport provides the fastest, most comfortable mode of transport.
7. Thus, it is clear that there are many advantages of transportation and communication. These means help in the development of the country. So they are rightly called the lifelines of a nation and its economy.

જવાબ : India is well linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size and diversities because of efficient means of transport and communication. They are rightly called the lifelines or arteries of a nation because:

1. Economic development of a country depends on the well developed and efficient means of transport and communication.
2. They are indispensable for movement of people, goods and services from one place to another.
3. They have contributed to socio-economic progress in many ways by connecting far flung areas of the country.
4. They have enriched all aspects of our lives — social, cultural, individual and economic.
5. They promote trade, tourism and business thus adding value to the economy.
6. Transport and communication have made possible international trade which is essential for every economy as no country is self-sufficient in all resources.
7. They link areas of production with consumption, i.e. agricultural farms are linked to the markets and industries.
8. They help in the balanced regional development of a country.
9. They play a very important role at the time of natural calamities, i.e., for providing relief measures.
10. Deficient areas can obtain resources from the regions of surplus, thereby making the interdependence among the regions possible.
11. They have added substantially to growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life.

જવાબ : Today the world has become a “large village” because of:

1. efficient and fast means of transport and
2. development of telecommunication and satellite communication systems.

જવાબ : Transportation is necessary:

1. for the movement of goods and services from their supply location to demand location, i.e. to link production centres with consumption centres.
2. for the movement of people from one region to the other.
3. for carrying out trade at all levels.
4. to supply goods, resources, etc. from the surplus regions to deficient regions.
5. for supplying relief measures to the regions where some natural calamities strike.
6. for transporting raw materials from mining regions and farms to the industries, etc.
   Efficient means of transport are the prerequisites for economic development of a nation.

જવાબ :

1-C, 2-A, 3-B

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-C, 3-A

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A

જવાબ :

1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A

જવાબ :

1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-C, 3-A

જવાબ :

1-A, 2-C, 3-B

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C

જવાબ :

1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D