CBSE Solutions for Class 10 English

જવાબ : On the basis of source of raw materials used, industries are of two types

• Agro-based: Cotton, woollen, jute, silk, textile, rubber, sugar, tea, coffee and edible oil.
• Mineral-based: Iron and steel, cement, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemicals.

જવાબ : Manufacturing industries fall in the secondary sector.

જવાબ : Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are considered prosperous.

જવાબ : In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat.

જવાબ : The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.

જવાબ : Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-made cloth from England.

જવાબ : Cotton, jute, silk, woollen, textile, sugar and edible oil etc., industries are based on agricultural raw materials.

જવાબ : Based on the bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods, industries are classified into two types-

• Heavy industries such as iron and steel.
• Light industries that use light raw materials and produce light goods such as electrical industries.

જવાબ : Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies.

જવાબ : India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

જવાબ : It is called so because all other industries like heavy, medium and light, depend on this industry for their machinery.

જવાબ : Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral-based industries.

જવાબ : Sugar industry is suited to the cooperative sector because sugar production is seasonal in nature and saves the producers from the exploitation of money lenders

જવાબ : India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari.

જવાબ : The growing global concern for environment-friendly, biodegradable materials, has once again opened the opportunity for jute products.

જવાબ : Most of the jute mills are located in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hugli river, in a narrow belt which is 98 km long and 3 km wide.

જવાબ : India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands at second place as an exporter after Bangladesh.

જવાબ : Japan, USA, UK, Russia, France, East European countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and African countries.

જવાબ :

• Chemicals and dyes
• Mill stores
• Packaging materials
• Engineering works

જવાબ : Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities, labour, moist climate, etc., contributed towards the localisation in Maharashtra and Gujarat.

જવાબ : Three human factors for the location of industry are

• Availability of cheap labour- Labour supply is important in two respects (a) workers in large numbers are often required; (b) people with a skill or technical expertise are needed.
• Availability of services such as consultants and financial advice.

જવાબ : Three physical factors for the location of the industry are:

• Availability of raw material.-The location of industrial enterprises is sometimes determined simply by the location of the raw materials. The jute mills in West Bengal, sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh, cotton textile mills in Maharashtra and Gujarat are concentrated close to the sources of raw materials.
• Suitable climate-Harsh climate is not much suitable for the establishment of industries. There can be no industrial development in an extremely hot, humid, dry or cold climate.
• Availability of water and power supply- Many industries are established near rivers, canals and lakes.Iron and steel industry, textile industries and chemical industries require large quantities of water, for their proper functioning.Coal, mineral oil and hydro-electricity are the three important conventional sources of power. Most of the industries tend to concentrate at the source of power.

જવાબ : Manufacturing is the process in which goods are produced in large quantities after processing the various raw materials.

જવાબ : NTPC-National Thermal Power Corporation.

જવાબ : Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods.

જવાબ : Iron and steel is a heavy industry because all the raw materials as well as finished goods are heavy and bulky entailing heavy transportation costs.

જવાબ : China is the largest producer as well as the largest consumer of steel.

જવાબ : Bengaluru is the electronic capital of India.

જવાબ : Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow and Coimbatore.

જવાબ : Noida, Jaipur, Indore, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Guwahati, etc.

જવાબ : Retailer

જવાબ : Market

જવાબ : Worker

જવાબ : Power

જવાબ : Iron and steel industry is called the basic industry because:

• All other industries – heavy medium and light, depend on it for their machinery.
•  Steel is needed to manufacture engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, telephonic scientific equipments and a number of other consumer goods.
•  Production and consumption of steel is regarded as the index of country’s development. Today with 32.8 million tons of steel production, India ranks 9th among the world under steel producers.

જવાબ : In recent years, there is a tendency among the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra because of the following reasons:

• The sugarcane produced here has a higher sucrose content, thus yields greater quantity of sugar.
• The cooler climate here ensures longer crusting season as it prevents drying of cane.
• Sugar mills are best suited for the cooperatives that are more successful in these states.

જવાબ : The five factors responsible for the location of jute mills along the Hugli basin are:

•  Proximity or nearness to the jute producing areas.
•  Inexpensive water transport.
•  Good network of roadways, railways and waterways which helps in the movement of raw material to the mills.
• Availability of abundant water for processing of raw jute.
•  Cheap labour from West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.
• Kolkata being a large urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.

જવાબ : The cotton textile industry was mainly concentrated in the cotton growing areas because of the following reasons:

•  Abundant availability of raw cotton due to favourable climate and presence
  of black soil.
•  Huge market for cotton textile in and around Mumbai.
•  Well-developed means of transport including the port facilities in Mumbai.
•  Cheap labour from the adjoining areas.
• Mild and moist climate is favourable for spinning the cotton yarn.

જવાબ : The economic strength of the country depends upon the development of manufacturing industries. Manufacturing industries give major boost to agriculture in the following ways.

•  Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, but also reduces the dependence of people on agricultural income by providing jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
•  Agro industries boost agriculture by increasing its productivity. They depend on raw materials from agricultural sector.
•  The industries sell their products like irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, machines and tools to the farmers. The manufacturing industries thus make production process efficient.
•  Industries boost agriculture by transporting the goods produced to various markets.

જવાબ : Industries cause different types of pollution—land, air and water.

• Air pollution is caused by the release of undesirable gases and smoke like sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide.
•  Air-borne particulate materials like dust, sprays, mist and smoke cause air pollution.
• Smoke is emitted from chemical and paper mills, brick kilns, refineries, smelting plants.
•  Burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories which do not follow pollution norms. Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long-term effects.
• Air pollution adversely affects human health, plants and animals. In human beings, air pollution can cause respiratory problems. Smog in the atmosphere cause respiratory problems.

જવાબ : Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in the following ways:

•  Primary treatment by mechanical means like screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
• Secondary treatment by biological process.
• Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. Recycling of water is also included in the tertiary treatment.

જવાબ : Manufacturing industries contribute to national economy in the following ways:

•  Manufacturing industries contributes to about 17 per cent to GDP.
•  Since 2003, industries have grown at the rate of 9-10 per cent per annum, thus providing employment.
• National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up ‘ to improve the productivity of the industries.
•  They have reduced the dependence of people upon agriculture

જવાબ : The following factors affect the location of an industry:

• Availability of raw materials: Close proximity to raw material, regular supply at cheap cost are of utmost significance, e.g., concentration of heavy industries in Chattisgarh.
• Labour: Modern industry requires both skilled and unskilled labour at low cost. It also determines the location of industry, e.g., cotton textile industry in Maharashtra.
•  Capital: Industries are capital intensive. Banks and other financial institutions, insurance etc. play an important role in setting up production units.
•  Power: All production units depend on one or other sources of power like coal, oil, gas etc. Regular and cheap supply of power is required to keep industries operational, e.g., iron and steel industries near Raniganj and Jharia coal fields.
•  Market: Goods manufactured need to be sold in the market to maintain the demand and supply.

જવાબ : Though India is an important producer of iron and steel, we are not able to perform to our full potential because of the following reasons:

•  High cost and limited availability of coking coal.
• Labour engaged in production has low productivity.
• Irregular supply of electricity add up to its problems of production.
•  Technological development in iron and steel industries is less.
•  Resource allocation for research and development in production of steel are comparatively very less.

જવાબ : Chotanagpur plateau region in Jharkhand has maximum concentration of iron and steel industries.

જવાબ : The river-basin where jute industries are concentrated in India is Hugh river-basin.

જવાબ : Many industries that tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centers like markets and services are known as agglomeration economies.

જવાબ : Cement and Iron and Steel industry uses limestone as its main raw material.

જવાબ : The important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement are limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum.

જવાબ : Basic industries are those which supply their raw materials to industries which manufacture other goods. An example is the iron and steel industry which supplies steel to the automobile industry.

જવાબ : Industry and agriculture go hand in hand. This can be proved from the following examples:

• The agro-based industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
• Industries depend on the agriculture for raw materials and sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc., to the farmers.
• Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only helped agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient.

જવાબ : Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.

જવાબ : The manufacturing sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.

જવાબ : Better location for setting up jute industry is the Hugli basin. Reasons for location in the Hugli basin are-

• Proximity of the jute producing areas
• Inexpensive water transport
• Good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills.
• Abundant water for processing raw jute
• Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.
• Kolkata provides banking insurance, and port facility for export of jute goods.

જવાબ : The manufacturing sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.

જવાબ : Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), is a society set up by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India in 1991 with the objective of encouraging, promoting and boosting the software export from India. STPI maintains internal engineering resources to provide consulting, training and implementation services. Software technology parks of India have come up across 46 locations at different centres of India. However, the major industry concentration is at Bengaluru, Noida, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune.  IT industry is of great significance

• It is associated with employment generation. It is encouraging to know that 30 percent of the people employed in this sector are women.
• This industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last two or three years because of its fast growing Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) sector.

જવાબ : (i) This industry was delicensed in 1991. This means that no license is required for setting up any unit of manufacturing in any part of the country.

જવાબ :

• Automobiles provide vehicle for quick transport of good services and passengers.
• Trucks, buses, cars, motor cycles, scooters, three-wheelers and multi-utility vehicles are manufactured in India at various centres.
• This industry provides employment to the people. This industry is located around Delhi, Gurgaon, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru.

જવાબ :

• Agro-based industries: Cotton, woollen, jute, silk, textile, rubber, sugar, tea, coffee, edible oil (any three).
• Mineral-based industries: Iron and steel, cement, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemical (any three).

જવાબ :

• Power supply is erratic. Frequent power cuts and load shedding affect this industry adversely.
• This industry continues to use obsolete machinery. As a result, production of cotton is badly affected. Hence, machinery nee d to be upgraded in the weaving and processing sectors in particular.
• Low output of labour is also a major problem before the cotton textile industries in India.
• Stiff competition in the international market from the synthetic fibre industry also poses a big problem.

જવાબ : (i) The textile industry contributes significantly to industrial production (14 percent), employment generation (35 million persons directly) and foreign exchange earnings (about 24.6 percent).

જવાબ : On the basis of ownership, industries are classified in the following ways-

જવાબ : In recent years, there is a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra because of the following reasons:

• The cane produced in these states has a higher sucrose content.
• The cooler climate of these regions also ensures a longer crushing season.
• Also, the cooperatives are more successful in these states.

જવાબ : In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the following objectives:

• To increase productivity
• To improve quality
• To ensure good prices to the jute farmers, and
• To enhance the yield per hectare.

• The government has made it mandatory to use jute packaging.
• The growing global concern for environment friendly, biodegradable materials, has once again opened the opportunity for jute products.

જવાબ : Although India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world, we are not able to perform to our full potential largely due to the following reasons:

• High costs and limited availability of coking coal, which is an important raw material for iron and steel industry.
• Lower productivity of labour. We know iron and steel industry requires cheap, hard and skilled labour. Cheap labour, no doubt, is available in our country but there is always dearth of skilled labour.
• Irregular power supply. Our country faces severe crisis of power.

જવાબ : Industry and agriculture go hand in hand. This can be proved from the following examples:

• The agro-based industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
• Industries depend on the agriculture for raw materials and sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc., to the farmers.
• Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only helped agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient.

જવાબ : The sugar industry in India faces several challenges. Three of them are:

• Seasonal nature of the industry
• Old and inefficient methods of production of sugar
• Transport delay in reaching cane to factories.

જવાબ : It is because of the relative advantages this region has for the development of this industry:

• Low cost of iron ore is available, since it is mined in this region.
• Iron and steel industry requires high-grade coal, limestone and manganese ore as raw materials. These things are available in abundance in close proximity in this region.
• Cheap labour is also available here.
• There is a vast growth potential in the home market well connected by roadways and railways.

જવાબ : Industry and agriculture go hand in hand. This can be proved from the following examples:

• The agro-based industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
• Industries depend on the agriculture for raw materials and sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc., to the farmers.
• Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only helped agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient.

જવાબ : (i) After an industrial activity starts in a town, urbanisation follows. Industry provides employment to the people of the area. Population migrates from rural hunterlands to seek jobs and other opportunities.

જવાબ :

1-C, 2-A, 3-B

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-C, 3-A

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A

જવાબ :

1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A

જવાબ :

1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-C, 3-A

જવાબ :

1-A, 2-C, 3-B

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A

જવાબ :

1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C

જવાબ :

1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D